PHP hook, building hooks in your application
Introduction
One of the real challenges in building any type of framework, core or application is making it possible for the developers to hook into the business logic at specific points. Since PHP is not event based, nor it works with interrupts you have to come up an alternative.
The test case
Lets assume we are the main developers of a webshop framework. Programmers can use our framework to build complete webshops. Programmers can manage the orders that are placed on the webshop with the order class. The order class is part of our framework and we don’t want it to be extended by any programmer. However we don’t want to limit to programmers in their possibilities to hook into the orders process.
For example programmers should be able to send an email to the webshopowner if an order changes from one specific delivery status to another. This functionality is not part of the default behavior in our framework and is custom for the progammers webshop implementation.
Like said before, PHP doesn’t provide interrupts or real events so we need to come up with another way to implement hooks into our application. Lets take a look at the observer pattern.
Implementing the Observer pattern
The observer pattern is a design-pattern that describes a way for objects to be notified to specific state-changes in objects of the application.
For the first implementation we can use SPL. The SPL provides in two simple objects:
SPLSubject
- attach (new observer to attach)
- detach (existing observer to detach)
- notify (notify all observers)
SPLObserver
- update (Called from the subject (i.e. when it’s value has changed).
iOrderRef = $iOrderRef;
// Get order information from the database or an other resources
$this->iStatus = Order::STATUS_SHIPPED;
}
/**
* Attach an observer
*
* @param SplObserver $oObserver
* @return void
*/
public function attach(SplObserver $oObserver)
{
$sHash = spl_object_hash($oObserver);
if (isset($this->aObservers[$sHash])) {
throw new Exception('Observer is already attached');
}
$this->aObservers[$sHash] = $oObserver;
}
/**
* Detach observer
*
* @param SplObserver $oObserver
* @return void
*/
public function detach(SplObserver $oObserver)
{
$sHash = spl_object_hash($oObserver);
if (!isset($this->aObservers[$sHash])) {
throw new Exception('Observer not attached');
}
unset($this->aObservers[$sHash]);
}
/**
* Notify the attached observers
*
* @param string $sEvent, name of the event
* @param mixed $mData, optional data that is not directly available for the observers
* @return void
*/
public function notify()
{
foreach ($this->aObservers as $oObserver) {
try {
$oObserver->update($this);
} catch(Exception $e) {
}
}
}
/**
* Add an order
*
* @param array $aOrder
* @return void
*/
public function delete()
{
$this->notify();
}
/**
* Return the order reference number
*
* @return int
*/
public function getRef()
{
return $this->iOrderRef;
}
/**
* Return the current order status
*
* @return int
*/
public function getStatus()
{
return $this->iStatus;
}
/**
* Update the order status
*/
public function updateStatus($iStatus)
{
$this->notify();
// ...
$this->iStatus = $iStatus;
// ...
$this->notify();
}
}
/**
* Order status handler, observer that sends an email to secretary
* if the status of an order changes from shipped to delivered, so the
* secratary can make a phone call to our customer to ask for his opinion about the service
*
* @package Shop
*/
class OrderStatusHandler implements SplObserver
{
/**
* Previous orderstatus
* @var int
*/
protected $iPreviousOrderStatus;
/**
* Current orderstatus
* @var int
*/
protected $iCurrentOrderStatus;
/**
* Update, called by the observable object order
*
* @param Observable_Interface $oSubject
* @param string $sEvent
* @param mixed $mData
* @return void
*/
public function update(SplSubject $oSubject)
{
if(!$oSubject instanceof Order) {
return;
}
if(is_null($this->iPreviousOrderStatus)) {
$this->iPreviousOrderStatus = $oSubject->getStatus();
} else {
$this->iCurrentOrderStatus = $oSubject->getStatus();
if($this->iPreviousOrderStatus === Order::STATUS_SHIPPED && $this->iCurrentOrderStatus === Order::STATUS_DELIVERED) {
$sSubject = sprintf('Order number %d is shipped', $oSubject->getRef());
//mail('secratary@example.com', 'Order number %d is shipped', 'Text');
echo 'Mail sended to the secratary to help her remember to call our customer for a survey.';
}
}
}
}
$oOrder = new Order(26012011);
$oOrder->attach(new OrderStatusHandler());
$oOrder->updateStatus(Order::STATUS_DELIVERED);
$oOrder->delete();
?>
There are several problems with the implementation above. To most important disadvantage is that we have only one update method in our observer. In this update method we don’t know when and why we are getting notified, just that something happened. We should keep track of everything that happens in the subject. (Or use debug_backtrace… just joking, don’t even think about using it that way ever!).
Taking it a step further, events
Lets take a look at the next example, we will extend the Observer implementation with some an additional parameter for the eventname that occured.
Finishing up, optional data
iOrderRef = $iOrderRef;
// Get order information from the database or something else...
$this->iStatus = Order::STATUS_SHIPPED;
}
/**
* Attach an observer
*
* @param Observer_Interface $oObserver
* @return void
*/
public function attachObserver(Observer_Interface $oObserver)
{
$sHash = spl_object_hash($oObserver);
if (isset($this->aObservers[$sHash])) {
throw new Exception('Observer is already attached');
}
$this->aObservers[$sHash] = $oObserver;
}
/**
* Detach observer
*
* @param Observer_Interface $oObserver
* @return void
*/
public function detachObserver(Observer_Interface $oObserver)
{
$sHash = spl_object_hash($oObserver);
if (!isset($this->aObservers[$sHash])) {
throw new Exception('Observer not attached');
}
unset($this->aObservers[$sHash]);
}
/**
* Notify the attached observers
*
* @param string $sEvent, name of the event
* @param mixed $mData, optional data that is not directly available for the observers
* @return void
*/
public function notifyObserver($sEvent, $mData=null)
{
foreach ($this->aObservers as $oObserver) {
try {
$oObserver->update($this, $sEvent, $mData);
} catch(Exception $e) {
}
}
}
/**
* Add an order
*
* @param array $aOrder
* @return void
*/
public function add($aOrder = array())
{
$this->notifyObserver('onAdd');
}
/**
* Return the order reference number
*
* @return int
*/
public function getRef()
{
return $this->iOrderRef;
}
/**
* Return the current order status
*
* @return int
*/
public function getStatus()
{
return $this->iStatus;
}
/**
* Update the order status
*/
public function updateStatus($iStatus)
{
$this->notifyObserver('onBeforeUpdateStatus');
// ...
$this->iStatus = $iStatus;
// ...
$this->notifyObserver('onAfterUpdateStatus');
}
}
/**
* Order status handler, observer that sends an email to secretary
* if the status of an order changes from shipped to delivered, so the
* secratary can make a phone call to our customer to ask for his opinion about the service
*
* @package Shop
*/
class OrderStatusHandler implements Observer_Interface
{
protected $iPreviousOrderStatus;
protected $iCurrentOrderStatus;
/**
* Update, called by the observable object order
*
* @param Observable_Interface $oObservable
* @param string $sEvent
* @param mixed $mData
* @return void
*/
public function update(Observable_Interface $oObservable, $sEvent, $mData=null)
{
if(!$oObservable instanceof Order) {
return;
}
switch($sEvent) {
case 'onBeforeUpdateStatus':
$this->iPreviousOrderStatus = $oObservable->getStatus();
return;
case 'onAfterUpdateStatus':
$this->iCurrentOrderStatus = $oObservable->getStatus();
if($this->iPreviousOrderStatus === Order::STATUS_SHIPPED && $this->iCurrentOrderStatus === Order::STATUS_DELIVERED) {
$sSubject = sprintf('Order number %d is shipped', $oObservable->getRef());
//mail('secratary@example.com', 'Order number %d is shipped', 'Text');
echo 'Mail sended to the secratary to help her remember to call our customer for a survey.';
}
}
}
}
$oOrder = new Order(26012011);
$oOrder->attachObserver(new OrderStatusHandler());
$oOrder->updateStatus(Order::STATUS_DELIVERED);
$oOrder->add();
?>
Now we are able to take action on different events that occur.
Disadvantages
Although this implementation works quite well there are some drawbacks. One of those drawbacks is that we need to dispatch an event in our framework, if we don’t programmers can’t hook into our application. Triggering events everywhere give us a small performance penalty however I do think this way of working gives the programmers a nice way to hook into your application on those spots that you want them to hook in.
Just for the record
Notice that this code is just an example and can still use some improvements, for example: each observer is initialized even it will maybe never be notified, therefore I suggest to make use of lazy in some cases for loading the objects. There are other systems to hook into an application, more to follow!
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Услуги адвоката в уголовных делах в
Москве: как добиться успешной защиты клиента
и собрать положительные отзывы в процессе судаАдвокат по уголовным делам в Москве
Спрос на услуги адвоката по уголовным делам в Москве высок среди тех,
кто сталкивается с различными обвинениями.
Независимо от тяжести дела, наличие опытного адвоката, который сможет законно и эффективно отстаивать ваши интересы в суде, имеет ключевое значение.
Почему важно обратиться к адвокату?
Опытный адвокат знает все нюансы уголовного
процесса и успешно ведет дела в суде.
Эксперт поможет достигнуть желаемого результата и минимизировать негативные последствия.
Клиенты могут рассчитывать на полноценные консультации по всем аспектам дела.
Обязанности адвоката по уголовным делам
Работа адвоката по уголовным делам
включает несколько ключевых этапов:
Начальная встреча, на которой юрист исследует особенности дела и
оценивает вероятность успеха.
Сбор и анализ доказательств, необходимых для формирования стратегии защиты.
Подготовка документов для судебных инстанций
и активное участие в судебных
процессах.
Представление интересов клиента на всех этапах уголовного процесса.
Отзывы о работе адвокатов
Мнения клиентов о работе адвокатов могут сыграть важную роль в выборе защитника.
Многие клиенты отмечают:
Профессионализм и качественная подготовка.
Индивидуальный подход к каждому клиенту.
Способность продуктивно работать
в условиях стресса.
Как связаться с адвокатом?
Следует заранее узнать номер телефона адвоката, чтобы в экстренной ситуации быстро получить помощь.
Оперативность и доступность являются ключевыми факторами,
способствующими успешной защите.
Как выбрать адвоката по уголовным
делам?
При выборе адвоката, который занимается уголовными делами, важно обратить внимание на следующие
моменты:
Количество дел, выигранных адвокатом, и опыт в данной области.
Отзывы клиентов и репутация
адвоката.
Прозрачность условий сотрудничества и расценки на услуги.
Помните, что своевременное обращение
к адвокату может сыграть решающую роль в исходе дела.
Не затягивайте с решением
серьезных вопросов, касающихся защиты ваших прав и интересов.
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Консультация с уголовным
адвокатом в Москве является ключевым шагом, способным значительно изменить результат уголовного дела.
Каждый клиент имеет право на защиту, и именно профессиональный защитник поможет вам наладить процесс ведения дела
с учетом всех нюансов. С учётом
сложности уголовного законодательства крайне
важно подобрать специалиста,
который сможет надёжно защищать ваши интересы на всех
этапах – от досудебного следствия
до судебного разбирательства.
Важность надёжной защиты
Для успешного ведения уголовных дел необходимы не только обширные знания законодательства, но и опыт
работы с различными видами
преступлений. Специалист по уголовным деламдолжен:
Следить за всеми аспектами дела;
Разрабатывать план защиты;
Поддерживать связь с ответственными лицами;
Представлять ваши интересы в суде;
Поддерживать клиента на всех этапах
процесса.
Почему клиенты выбирают нас
Высокая квалификация и профессиональный подход наших адвокатов выделяет нас среди конкурентов,
по мнению клиентов. Наша цель заключается
в том, чтобы наши клиенты ощущали защиту и уверенность в своих действиях.
Команда, имеющая значительный опыт в уголовных делах, позволяет
нам достигать успешных результатов в самых
запутанных случаях.
Поиск адвоката: что учесть?
При выборе адвоката по уголовным делам в Москве обратите внимание на:
Мнения предыдущих клиентов;
Опыт работы в вашей конкретной области;
Возможность предоставить консультации;
Индивидуальный подход к каждому делу.
Не забывайте, что чем раньше вы начнете
сотрудничество с профессионалом, тем выше вероятность достижения положительного результата.
При возникновении вопросов вы
можете смело обращаться к нам.
В заключение, помните,
что каждый имеет право на защиту, и мы готовы помочь вам в этом.
Свяжитесь с нами, чтобы получить консультацию и узнать,
как мы сможем отстоять ваши интересы в уголовном процессе.
адвокат по уголовным делам москва 228
3 Nov 25 at 4:11 am