PHP hook, building hooks in your application
Introduction
One of the real challenges in building any type of framework, core or application is making it possible for the developers to hook into the business logic at specific points. Since PHP is not event based, nor it works with interrupts you have to come up an alternative.
The test case
Lets assume we are the main developers of a webshop framework. Programmers can use our framework to build complete webshops. Programmers can manage the orders that are placed on the webshop with the order class. The order class is part of our framework and we don’t want it to be extended by any programmer. However we don’t want to limit to programmers in their possibilities to hook into the orders process.
For example programmers should be able to send an email to the webshopowner if an order changes from one specific delivery status to another. This functionality is not part of the default behavior in our framework and is custom for the progammers webshop implementation.
Like said before, PHP doesn’t provide interrupts or real events so we need to come up with another way to implement hooks into our application. Lets take a look at the observer pattern.
Implementing the Observer pattern
The observer pattern is a design-pattern that describes a way for objects to be notified to specific state-changes in objects of the application.
For the first implementation we can use SPL. The SPL provides in two simple objects:
SPLSubject
- attach (new observer to attach)
- detach (existing observer to detach)
- notify (notify all observers)
SPLObserver
- update (Called from the subject (i.e. when it’s value has changed).
iOrderRef = $iOrderRef;
// Get order information from the database or an other resources
$this->iStatus = Order::STATUS_SHIPPED;
}
/**
* Attach an observer
*
* @param SplObserver $oObserver
* @return void
*/
public function attach(SplObserver $oObserver)
{
$sHash = spl_object_hash($oObserver);
if (isset($this->aObservers[$sHash])) {
throw new Exception('Observer is already attached');
}
$this->aObservers[$sHash] = $oObserver;
}
/**
* Detach observer
*
* @param SplObserver $oObserver
* @return void
*/
public function detach(SplObserver $oObserver)
{
$sHash = spl_object_hash($oObserver);
if (!isset($this->aObservers[$sHash])) {
throw new Exception('Observer not attached');
}
unset($this->aObservers[$sHash]);
}
/**
* Notify the attached observers
*
* @param string $sEvent, name of the event
* @param mixed $mData, optional data that is not directly available for the observers
* @return void
*/
public function notify()
{
foreach ($this->aObservers as $oObserver) {
try {
$oObserver->update($this);
} catch(Exception $e) {
}
}
}
/**
* Add an order
*
* @param array $aOrder
* @return void
*/
public function delete()
{
$this->notify();
}
/**
* Return the order reference number
*
* @return int
*/
public function getRef()
{
return $this->iOrderRef;
}
/**
* Return the current order status
*
* @return int
*/
public function getStatus()
{
return $this->iStatus;
}
/**
* Update the order status
*/
public function updateStatus($iStatus)
{
$this->notify();
// ...
$this->iStatus = $iStatus;
// ...
$this->notify();
}
}
/**
* Order status handler, observer that sends an email to secretary
* if the status of an order changes from shipped to delivered, so the
* secratary can make a phone call to our customer to ask for his opinion about the service
*
* @package Shop
*/
class OrderStatusHandler implements SplObserver
{
/**
* Previous orderstatus
* @var int
*/
protected $iPreviousOrderStatus;
/**
* Current orderstatus
* @var int
*/
protected $iCurrentOrderStatus;
/**
* Update, called by the observable object order
*
* @param Observable_Interface $oSubject
* @param string $sEvent
* @param mixed $mData
* @return void
*/
public function update(SplSubject $oSubject)
{
if(!$oSubject instanceof Order) {
return;
}
if(is_null($this->iPreviousOrderStatus)) {
$this->iPreviousOrderStatus = $oSubject->getStatus();
} else {
$this->iCurrentOrderStatus = $oSubject->getStatus();
if($this->iPreviousOrderStatus === Order::STATUS_SHIPPED && $this->iCurrentOrderStatus === Order::STATUS_DELIVERED) {
$sSubject = sprintf('Order number %d is shipped', $oSubject->getRef());
//mail('secratary@example.com', 'Order number %d is shipped', 'Text');
echo 'Mail sended to the secratary to help her remember to call our customer for a survey.';
}
}
}
}
$oOrder = new Order(26012011);
$oOrder->attach(new OrderStatusHandler());
$oOrder->updateStatus(Order::STATUS_DELIVERED);
$oOrder->delete();
?>
There are several problems with the implementation above. To most important disadvantage is that we have only one update method in our observer. In this update method we don’t know when and why we are getting notified, just that something happened. We should keep track of everything that happens in the subject. (Or use debug_backtrace… just joking, don’t even think about using it that way ever!).
Taking it a step further, events
Lets take a look at the next example, we will extend the Observer implementation with some an additional parameter for the eventname that occured.
Finishing up, optional data
iOrderRef = $iOrderRef;
// Get order information from the database or something else...
$this->iStatus = Order::STATUS_SHIPPED;
}
/**
* Attach an observer
*
* @param Observer_Interface $oObserver
* @return void
*/
public function attachObserver(Observer_Interface $oObserver)
{
$sHash = spl_object_hash($oObserver);
if (isset($this->aObservers[$sHash])) {
throw new Exception('Observer is already attached');
}
$this->aObservers[$sHash] = $oObserver;
}
/**
* Detach observer
*
* @param Observer_Interface $oObserver
* @return void
*/
public function detachObserver(Observer_Interface $oObserver)
{
$sHash = spl_object_hash($oObserver);
if (!isset($this->aObservers[$sHash])) {
throw new Exception('Observer not attached');
}
unset($this->aObservers[$sHash]);
}
/**
* Notify the attached observers
*
* @param string $sEvent, name of the event
* @param mixed $mData, optional data that is not directly available for the observers
* @return void
*/
public function notifyObserver($sEvent, $mData=null)
{
foreach ($this->aObservers as $oObserver) {
try {
$oObserver->update($this, $sEvent, $mData);
} catch(Exception $e) {
}
}
}
/**
* Add an order
*
* @param array $aOrder
* @return void
*/
public function add($aOrder = array())
{
$this->notifyObserver('onAdd');
}
/**
* Return the order reference number
*
* @return int
*/
public function getRef()
{
return $this->iOrderRef;
}
/**
* Return the current order status
*
* @return int
*/
public function getStatus()
{
return $this->iStatus;
}
/**
* Update the order status
*/
public function updateStatus($iStatus)
{
$this->notifyObserver('onBeforeUpdateStatus');
// ...
$this->iStatus = $iStatus;
// ...
$this->notifyObserver('onAfterUpdateStatus');
}
}
/**
* Order status handler, observer that sends an email to secretary
* if the status of an order changes from shipped to delivered, so the
* secratary can make a phone call to our customer to ask for his opinion about the service
*
* @package Shop
*/
class OrderStatusHandler implements Observer_Interface
{
protected $iPreviousOrderStatus;
protected $iCurrentOrderStatus;
/**
* Update, called by the observable object order
*
* @param Observable_Interface $oObservable
* @param string $sEvent
* @param mixed $mData
* @return void
*/
public function update(Observable_Interface $oObservable, $sEvent, $mData=null)
{
if(!$oObservable instanceof Order) {
return;
}
switch($sEvent) {
case 'onBeforeUpdateStatus':
$this->iPreviousOrderStatus = $oObservable->getStatus();
return;
case 'onAfterUpdateStatus':
$this->iCurrentOrderStatus = $oObservable->getStatus();
if($this->iPreviousOrderStatus === Order::STATUS_SHIPPED && $this->iCurrentOrderStatus === Order::STATUS_DELIVERED) {
$sSubject = sprintf('Order number %d is shipped', $oObservable->getRef());
//mail('secratary@example.com', 'Order number %d is shipped', 'Text');
echo 'Mail sended to the secratary to help her remember to call our customer for a survey.';
}
}
}
}
$oOrder = new Order(26012011);
$oOrder->attachObserver(new OrderStatusHandler());
$oOrder->updateStatus(Order::STATUS_DELIVERED);
$oOrder->add();
?>
Now we are able to take action on different events that occur.
Disadvantages
Although this implementation works quite well there are some drawbacks. One of those drawbacks is that we need to dispatch an event in our framework, if we don’t programmers can’t hook into our application. Triggering events everywhere give us a small performance penalty however I do think this way of working gives the programmers a nice way to hook into your application on those spots that you want them to hook in.
Just for the record
Notice that this code is just an example and can still use some improvements, for example: each observer is initialized even it will maybe never be notified, therefore I suggest to make use of lazy in some cases for loading the objects. There are other systems to hook into an application, more to follow!
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Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΠ β ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ XXI Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΡΠΎΡ kraken darknet market kraken darknet ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΉΡ kraken darknet
RichardPep
22 Oct 25 at 8:25 am
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JamesDaync
22 Oct 25 at 8:26 am
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22 Oct 25 at 8:27 am
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top 10 seo prodvijenie_crKa
22 Oct 25 at 8:27 am
ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ [url=https://frei-diplom1.ru]https://frei-diplom1.ru[/url] .
Diplomi_yaOi
22 Oct 25 at 8:27 am
DRINKIO ΡΡΠ°Π» Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π· ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·, ΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅Π·ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ β ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π£ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ, Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ , ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ https://drinkio105.ru/
Arthurtok
22 Oct 25 at 8:27 am
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° [url=https://telegra.ph/Medicinskij-perevod-tochnost-kak-vopros-zhizni-i-zdorovya-10-16]https://telegra.ph/Medicinskij-perevod-tochnost-kak-vopros-zhizni-i-zdorovya-10-16[/url] .
Medicinskii perevod_zbEr
22 Oct 25 at 8:27 am
ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ [url=www.frei-diplom2.ru]ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ[/url] .
Diplomi_orEa
22 Oct 25 at 8:29 am
ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΆ [url=https://www.frei-diplom8.ru]ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΆ[/url] .
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22 Oct 25 at 8:29 am
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22 Oct 25 at 8:29 am
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22 Oct 25 at 8:29 am
ΠΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ!
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22 Oct 25 at 8:31 am
ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ [url=http://www.frei-diplom1.ru]ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ[/url] .
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22 Oct 25 at 8:31 am
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22 Oct 25 at 8:32 am
ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ [url=rudik-diplom1.ru]ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ[/url] .
Diplomi_mfer
22 Oct 25 at 8:33 am
ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π²Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ΅-ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ [url=https://rudik-diplom12.ru/]ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π²Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ΅-ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ[/url] .
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22 Oct 25 at 8:33 am
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gt108
22 Oct 25 at 8:34 am
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JamesDaync
22 Oct 25 at 8:34 am
ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ [url=http://frei-diplom2.ru/]ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ[/url] .
Diplomi_mlEa
22 Oct 25 at 8:35 am
ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π° [url=https://seo-prodvizhenie-reiting-kompanij.ru/]ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π°[/url] .
seo prodvijenie reiting kompanii_gtst
22 Oct 25 at 8:36 am
ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ [url=www.dzen.ru/a/aPFFa3ZMdGVq1wVQ/]www.dzen.ru/a/aPFFa3ZMdGVq1wVQ/[/url] .
Tehnicheskii perevod_mbml
22 Oct 25 at 8:36 am
[url=https://superiortds.ru/]Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ[/url] β ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ Π° Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅. ΠΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π³ β ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ClickUp, Notion ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Monday ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°. Π‘ΠΌΡΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° β Π² ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ. Π£ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΄ΠΎΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. KPI ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ. ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. Π‘Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ Π° β Π² Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π·Π½Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ β ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΉΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
https://superiortds.ru/
Robertpaila
22 Oct 25 at 8:37 am
Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠΌΠ° Π² Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π±ΡΡΠ³Π΅ [url=https://www.frei-diplom9.ru]Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠΌΠ° Π² Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π±ΡΡΠ³Π΅[/url] .
Diplomi_ciea
22 Oct 25 at 8:37 am